Early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer: Toward a risk-adaptive paradigm in the era of biologic precision
Cet article examine les changements dans la prise en charge du cancer du poumon non à petites cellules de stade précoce, analyse l'évolution des tendances épidémiologiques et des facteurs de risque puis propose une feuille de route pour une médecine de précision axée sur la surveillance continue, l'équité et l'adaptation des traitements en fonction du risque biologique de chaque patient (utilisation de l'intelligence artificielle, des profils multi-omiques...)
The clinical landscape of early stage non–small cell lung cancer is at transformative crossroads. Driven by the widespread adoption of low-dose computed tomography screening, the frequent detection of ground-glass opacities, and a rising incidence among never-smokers, the diagnostic center of gravity has shifted toward earlier, potentially curable disease. This shift has been accompanied by equally important therapeutic advances, including parenchyma-sparing surgical techniques, minimally invasive platforms enhanced by digital navigation, and the transformative integration of perioperative immunotherapy and targeted agents. Concurrently, noninvasive monitoring approaches, such as liquid biopsy, have emerged as powerful tools to guide precision management. Despite this progress, substantial barriers to achieving a universal cure persist. Clinicians continue to face uncertainty in the management of ground-glass opacities, the anatomy-based TNM staging system fails to capture the biologic heterogeneity of early tumors, and global disparities in access to innovation remain unresolved. To address these challenges, the authors propose a shift toward a risk-adaptive management paradigm that harnesses artificial intelligence–driven analytics and multi-omics profiling to tailor treatment intensity according to each patient's biologic risk. Such an approach would enable appropriate escalation for high-risk individuals while permitting safe de-escalation for those at low risk. This holistic, lifespan-oriented strategy must be embraced to deliver equitable and durable cures for patients with early stage non–small cell lung cancer.
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians , article en libre accès, 2026