Maternal hormonal contraceptive use and childhood central nervous system tumor risk in a large Scandinavian cohort
Menée à partir de données d'un registre scandinave portant sur 3,2 millions d'enfants nés sur la période 1996-2018, cette étude analyse l'association entre une utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux par la mère et le risque de tumeur du système nerveux central chez l'enfant (610 cas)
An association between maternal hormonal contraception use and childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been suggested, but findings are inconclusive. This population-based cohort study includes Scandinavian nationwide registry data on liveborn children (1996–2018). Children were followed from birth until CNS tumor (<20 years) or censoring (other cancer, emigration, death, 20th birthday, or end of follow-up in 2017–2020). Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between maternal hormonal contraception use (any type, type-specific) and CNS tumor risk (any, any malignant, type-specific). Maternal use was categorized as “recent use” (0–3 months before or during pregnancy, except for non-oral progestin-only types), “previous use” (before recent use), and “no use”. A total of 3,183,316 children were followed for 29,455,528 person-years, during which time 1384 children developed a CNS tumor (610 malignant). Compared with no use, maternal previous or recent use of any hormonal contraception (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.82–1.05; HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83–1.19), combined and progestin-only types (oral, non-oral), were not associated with childhood CNS tumor risk. However, maternal recent progestin-only injection use was associated with malignant childhood CNS tumors (HR 3.95, 95CI % 1.46–10.68), compared with no use (number needed to harm: 1 per 14,577 person-years). In conclusion, no association was found between maternal use of common types of hormonal contraception and CNS tumors in children. The rarely used progestin-only injections (medroxyprogesterone acetate) were associated with malignant CNS tumor risk in children, though based on few children.
International Journal of Cancer , résumé, 2025