Association of pickled food consumption with non-digestive system cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
A partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature publiée jusqu'en juillet 2024 (51 études), cette méta-analyse évalue l'association entre la consommation d'aliments marinés dans le vinaigre et le risque de cancer non digestif (sein, prostate, lymphome, vessie, rein)
Objectives: Several studies have demonstrated a significant association between the consumption of pickled foods and an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer. However, the relationship between pickled food intake and non-digestive system cancers (NDSCs) remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review and analyse the risk of NDSCs associated with the consumption of pickled foods.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched from inception to July 2024.
Eligibility criteria: Observational studies with a focus on the association between pickled food consumption and the development of NDSCs in children and adults were included.
Data extraction and synthesis: A random-effects model was used for meta-analyses to calculate the pooled risk of NDSCs, including lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, cervical cancer, thyroid cancer and lymphoma. Meta-sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.
Results: A total of 51 studies, encompassing 2 518 507 individuals, met the eligibility criteria. The results of our study suggested a notable correlation between elevated intake of pickled food and heightened susceptibility to breast cancer (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.39, I2=85.1%, p<0.01), prostate cancer (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.60, I2=75.9%, p<0.01), lymphoma (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.25, I2=55.8%, p=0.05), bladder cancer (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.07, I2=85.1%, p<0.01) and kidney cancer (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.45, I2=0%, p=0.56), when compared with individuals who either refrain from or have lower consumption of pickled food. However, no statistically significant association was found between pickled food intake and the risk of lung cancer, brain cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer and leukaemia.
Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated an association between pickled food consumption and an increased risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, bladder cancer and kidney cancer. Nevertheless, the certainty of the evidence was rated as very low. Future research should explore potential biological mechanisms and investigate diverse populations.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023434186.
BMJ Open 2024